The 22-year-old recovered to serve out the opener at the second attempt, but Wang – ranked two places lower – rediscovered her quality to level, partly fuelled by a disputed line-call.
Raducanu, who had her blood pressure taken on court, then left for a short break before the decider.
The 2021 US Open champion looked invigorated on her return and quickly went up a double break.
The pair continued to trade breaks before Raducanu reasserted her authority to secure a gruelling victory after two hours and 44 minutes.
Raducanu’s relief at coming through the joint longest clay-court match of her career showed as she wearily dropped her racquet on the court.
She will now turn her attentions to Swiatek, who cruised past Slovakia’s Rebecca Sramkova 6-3 6-3.
Fellow Britons Katie Boulter and Jodie Burrage will aim to join Raducanu in the second round when they play later on Monday.
www.bbc.com
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