Global container volumes to drop 1% on Trump tariffs

President Donald Trump’s tariff war is expected to cut global container volume by 1% in 2025, Drewry said, only the third such forecast in its history.

That would amount to approximately 1.8 million twenty-foot equivalent units based on worldwide container traffic of 183.2 million TEUs in 2024, and approximately 10% of the more than 10 million-TEU increase in global traffic from 2023.

Volume fell 8.4% during the financial crisis of 2009 and 0.9% during the COVID pandemic of 2020, said Drewry, which began tracking container data in 1979.

Drewry in a slide presentation said contracting demand by shippers will increase capacity in the market, likely putting downward pressure on rates and leading to “much more” scrapping of tonnage and idling of ships as carriers rebalance supply and demand.

While there is a 90-day pause on most tariffs, Trump this week said the U.S. levies on China are likely to be reduced. Drewry said that if two-thirds of the current tariffs stay in place, imports from China could decline by 40%.

The analyst also warned that more frontloading by importers during the tariff pause could put container shipping in an operational bind by July due to port congestion, disruptions from canceled sailings, and a shortage of empty containers last seen during COVID.

The tariff battle between the United States and China has amounted to a goods embargo between the trading partners, with follow-on effects that are already whipsawing through the supply chain.

For the week ending April 14, global container booking volumes slipped 1.57% week over week and 9.94% year over year, according to Vizion. U.S. import bookings declined 12.15% w/w and 22.37% y/y, while China-to-U.S. bookings dropped 22.15% w/w and 44% y/y.

In published reports, liner operator Hapag-Lloyd (HLAG.DE) said it had seen trans-Pacific bookings drop by 30%, while Evergreen Marine (2603.TW) noted trans-Pacific capacity has tumbled by 30%-40% on China export-import volumes that have declined 60%-70%.

Since nothing in the supply chain happens in a vacuum, while the China-U.S. business dries up, shippers are shifting sourcing, and ocean carriers have been quick to blank sailings, reconfigure rotations and redeploy capacity to more profitable lanes, such as Asia-Europe.

The result, some observers say, is that even if Beijing and Washington agreed to a tariff ceasefire by, say, the end of May, and Chinese factories ramped back up, it would likely take 30 days until economic activity returned to the Port of Los Angeles, the busiest U.S. import hub; 45 days for the Midwest and Houston; and 50 days for the Port of New York-New Jersey. Recovery in ocean shipping almost always takes longer than disruptions; it took several weeks to months for ports in Canada and the U.S. to recover from intermittent labor work stoppages in 2024.